The Charleston Jazz Initiative (CJI), a project of the College of Charleston’s (C of C) School of the Arts, Arts Management Program, in partnership with the Jazz Studies Program, Department of Music, Avery Research Center for African American History and Culture, and other sponsors, announce a series of events, August 27-29, 2015 to kick off the national book tour of author Alfred Green, the son of Charleston native and renowned rhythm guitarist, Freddie Green. All events are free (donations are suggested), open to the public, and are held at various locations at the College of Charleston. For more information, call (843) 953-5474 or (843) 953-6301 or email Dr. Karen Chandler at chandlerk@cofc.edu. See this article in Charleston’s Post and Courier from August 23, 2015 by Adam Parker, Arts Editor.
Rhythm Is My Beat chronicles Freddie Green’s life (1911-1987) and jazz career from his days growing up in Charleston, his music studies in the 1920s at the Jenkins Orphanage where he toured with the orphanage band as a vocalist and learned upholstery as a trade, to his nearly 50-year career as a legendary rhythm guitarist with the Count Basie Orchestra from 1937-1987. By Basie’s own account, Green was the pulse of the band, and along with Basie, Jo Jones, and Walter Page, he set the band’s pace and helped to define American swing. Together, they were arguably the definitive swinging rhythm section of the big band era. Green, who was hired by Basie and was the longest serving member of the band, is universally acknowledged as the greatest rhythm guitarist in jazz history.
Referred to as Mr. Rhythm, Freddie Green’s guitar technique was so unprecedented and innovative that it is often characterized as an art form. Drummer Louie Bellson in Alyn Shipton’s A New History of Jazz, describes Green’s unique technique this way: “Freddie Green…was one of the greatest rhythm players I ever heard in my life…he had a certain stroke with the right hand, that really was a great marriage to the right hand of a drummer, to the right hand of a bass player, and the right hand of a pianist. It was something that you had to watch.” From his early gigs at the Black Cat Club in Greenwich Village to his work with drummer and bebop rhythmic innovator Kenny Clarke, the development of jazz was enriched when impresario John Hammond recommended Green to Basie as a replacement for Claude Williams.
Rhythm Is My Beat includes interviews with guitarists and other musicians as well as jazz scholars who provide their analysis of Freddie Green’s sound. It also includes some great stories – a successful feat by author-son to personalize and demystify his musician-father. One of them is what the critic and namesake of the National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Masters Award for Jazz Advocacy, A.B. Spellman, once recalled at a CJI event in 2005: “Of course, he [Freddie] had an affair with Billie Holiday, who said that he was one of only three men whom she ever loved…you can hear them together on some of Billie’s greatest records.” These and other stories of Green’s life and career will be highlighted in the following series of events at the College of Charleston:
Thursday, August 27 – 7:00 pm – Avery Research Center / 125 Bull Street
BookChat / Signing and Reception with Alfred Green
Green will tell stories about his father’s young life in Charleston, his legendary career with Count Basie and his orchestra, and the innovative guitar technique of Freddie Green
Friday, August 28 – 3:30-5:00 pm – Recital Hall, Simons Center for the Arts / 54 St. Philip Street
Jazz Repertory Class / Tyler Ross, C of C Professor of Guitar
Special Guest: Michael Pettersen, Guitarist, Freddie Green Historian
Prof. Tyler Ross opens up to the public his jazz repertory class with guitar and other jazz students to hear Michael Pettersen discuss Green’s guitar technique. Pettersen’s work on Green is documented at www.freddiegreen.org.
Saturday, August 29 – 7:00 pm – Recital Hall, Simons Center for the Arts / 54 St. Philip Street
Book Presentation with Alfred Green
Special Guest: Adam Parker, Arts Editor, Post and Courier
Green will provide an informative, interactive and entertaining presentation about Freddie Green followed by a
Q & A with Adam Parker; a book signing will immediately follow the event
Concert by Franklin Street Jazz Ensemble, Quentin E. Baxter, Musical Director
20 Franklin Street in Charleston, the original home of the Jenkins Orphanage, is the inspiration behind this ensemble and its music. The band will play compositions by Freddie Green as well as other music that is associated with or influenced by Green and the Count Basie Orchestra.
The events are sponsored by the Arts Management Program and Jazz Studies Program/Department of Music in the School of the Arts, Avery Research Center, and Barnes & Noble/College of Charleston Bookstore at the College of Charleston; BME, LLC, Bell Digital Media, Jazz Artists of Charleston, Jenkins Institute for Children, and the Charleston Jazz Club; and funded by the Charleston Scientific and Cultural Education Fund. For information on Freddie Green and Rhythm Is My Beat, see www.freddiegreen.org and www.freddiegreenrhythm.com. For more information on the events, email chandlerk@cofc.edu, or call 843-953-5474 or 843-953-6301.
About the Author: Alfred Green, a retired social worker, photojournalist and former Vice President of Book Production at Academic Press Inc. in San Diego, was born in New York City in 1938 where Count Basie’s bands served as the backdrop for the author’s transition from adolescence into adulthood. As a freelance photographer with membership in the American Society of Magazine Photographers, Green’s assignments were both domestic and international. He covered the 12th Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Conference in Kampala, Uganda. His photographs have been exhibited at The Museum of Fine Arts in Springfield, Massachusetts, Studio Museum of Harlem, Ford Foundation, Multi-Cultural Gallery in San Diego, and the Diana Galleries in New York. He received a Masters degree in Social Work from the University of Southern California and retired from the Los Angeles Unified School District as a Mental Health Consultant. He lives on the West Coast with his wife, Judy.
November 11, 2011
Jazz advocate Jack McCray dies
With a tendency toward self-effacement, McCray was an untiring advocate of jazz and helped create a “scene” in which local musicians could thrive. In recent years, he played a key role in establishing the Charleston Jazz Initiative, in partnership with College of Charleston arts management professor Karen Chandler.
Jack Arthur McCray, an iconic figure in Charleston and jazz impresario who did more than anyone to assert the cultural significance of the music he loved, was found dead Wednesday evening in his Coming Street apartment. He was 64.
He died of natural causes, probably Monday night, according to the Charleston County Coroner’s office.
He had been coping with some health problems in recent months, friends and colleagues said, and complained recently of a cough and some numbness in a leg. On Oct. 30, his birthday, he was forced to cancel a family gathering because of sudden back pain.
“We tried to get him to see a doctor, but he wouldn’t go,” said Leah Suarez, executive director of Jazz Artists of Charleston, a presenting organization McCray helped found in 2008.
With a tendency toward self-effacement, McCray was an untiring advocate of jazz and helped create a “scene” in which local musicians could thrive. In recent years, he played a key role in establishing the Charleston Jazz Initiative, in partnership with College of Charleston arts management professor Karen Chandler.
The program, started in 2003, is just one method of institutionalizing and legitimizing a dynamic music history unique to South Carolina. The initiative has succeeded in archiving thousands of images, documents and recordings that, together, reveal the rich and important legacy of the area.
Jazz Artists of Charleston was formed by Suarez and other local musicians, with McCray serving as a rallying point. In late 2007, after years of promoting the growth of live performance in the area, McCray thought that the time was ripe for an institution that could formalize the presentation of jazz and capitalize on the jazz culture he had celebrated for so long, Suarez said.
A longtime employee of The Post and Courier, McCray began his journalism career in 1985 as a sports copy editor and writer, became an editor of the neighborhood editions, then turned his attention to arts and culture. He retired from the newspaper in 2008, then went on to become a freelance jazz columnist for the newspaper’s weekly entertainment magazine, Charleston Scene.
McCray is the author of “Charleston Jazz,” a history of how the genre evolved in the Holy City.
Drummer Quentin Baxter first met McCray during a gig in 1993 at the Music Farm. McCray came for an interview and proceeded to ask unusual questions, Baxter said.
“He made you think,” Baxter said. “He asked penetrating questions about the music itself.”
He was writing not just about a particular gig but about the way that gig fit into the larger matrix of jazz in Charleston. It was a kind of dialectic, an ongoing conversation that helped to motivate local players, Baxter said.
“He made musicians feel as though Charleston was an important place, and the way he wrote, and how much he wrote, promoted the music to a point where managers of establishments wanted a piece of the pie.”
Before long, the musicians he supported would be playing regularly in restaurants, bars, theaters and festivals in the city.
Born in the Ansonborough neighborhood of Charleston during the Jim Crow era, McCray attended Buist Elementary then C.A. Brown High School, where he played trumpet in the band under George Kenney before transferring to Burke High School.
As a teenager, he spent summers with relatives in New York City, an experience that exposed him to a lively cultural scene that would influence his worldview and cement a love for the big city, according to longtime friend and writer Walter Rhett.
He attended Claflin College in Orangeburg in the late 1960s and was among the group of students protesting segregation and school policy in February 1968 when state troopers fired buckshot into the unarmed crowd. Filled with fear, and horrified at the bloody mayhem, McCray fled the scene as fast as his feet would carry him, toward the infirmary up the hill, he said in an interview earlier this year.
That event would become known as the Orangeburg Massacre.
Married in his 20s, he and his wife Sandra had two children, Terry and Krystal, before separating.
In the years that followed, McCray would cultivate long-lasting relationships with people of all stripes, advance his love of music, and advocate on behalf of young people. He was essentially a cultural anthropologist determined to show the connections between music of different regions, and between music and cultural identity.
“To be able to interact with so many different kinds of people on so many different levels was always amazing to me,” Chandler said. He was expert at explaining cultural evolution, she said. “But the way he was able to articulate it was so right on, so crystal clear. You never left a conversation with Jack saying, ‘I’m not sure what he meant by that.’ ”
When Osei Chandler (no relation to Karen) moved to Charleston from New York City in 1977, McCray was one of the first people he met, and the two men forged a lasting friendship.
Chandler soon was on WSCI radio hosting the Wednesday night Jam Session, a program devoted to jazz. McCray helped, sometimes acting as co-host. When Chandler was offered a second show, to feature Caribbean music, McCray began co-hosting more often, and eventually took over the jazz program, Chandler said.
The two men were on the air together several weeks ago for Chandler’s current reggae show called Root Music Karamu, and McCray lately had been expressing an interest in returning to the radio as a regular host, Chandler said.
In 1981, they started a soccer team called the Little Peles, which was part of Charleston’s youth soccer association and meant to provide urban black children a chance to play the game. Chandler was president and head coach. McCray, too, was a coach, and later a referee.
“He was probably the first black soccer referee in the state,” Chandler said, setting an important example for young people.
The team won the state championship that first season.
At about the same time, McCray’s interest in advancing the cause of jazz was crystallizing. A 1979 jam session in the Green Room of the Dock Street Theatre led to a slot in the 1980 Piccolo Spoleto Festival. The series — 14 events in 10 days — was called “Jazz After Hours.” Many people guessed it would flop, but patrons lined up around the corner of Market Street waiting to hear innovative jazz, co-organizer Osei Chandler said.
“Then what he did was he assembled local jazz musicians for a series of jam sessions all around town,” Chandler said. “These cats were cab drivers, school band leaders, other retired musicians.” There was a core group with others invited to sit in. “That was phenomenal.”
Mayor Joe Riley called McCray a lost “treasure” and his death a loss for the community.
“He was such a fine, friendly, happy, genuinely nice person, with a wonderful smile that was genuine and spirited and nourishing for anyone who came in touch with him,” Riley said.
He worked hard to prove that Charleston’s musical tradition was an essential part of American history and that the city, which produced the famous Jenkins Orphanage Band, deserved to be recognized along with New Orleans as a seat of jazz, Riley said. “And his work and study was quite convincing.”
The Jenkins band produced musicians who played in Charleston and who went elsewhere, taking the local jazz sensibility elsewhere to influence others, he said.
Karen Chandler said her friend was a deep thinker who read voraciously and emerged over the years as “Charleston’s cultural icon.”
He was a visionary and optimist who, decades ago and despite many obstacles thrown in his path, dared to imagine a Charleston cultural landscape at the center of which proudly stood jazz, she said.
“If there’s anything that we take from all of this sadness, it’s that (we) have created it and have to continue it, in his honor and memory.”
Rhett said the notion that music and community are inseparable is at the core of McCray’s philosophy.
“This is one of the few times that I’ve actually been angry at God,” he said. “Jack’s death for me resonated through every level of life and spirit. Who am I going to brainstorm with? Who’s going to be the living library for Charleston? How am I going to un-archive all the ideas that he didn’t write down?”
In jazz, Rhett said, musical expression depends not only on sound. It requires silence, too. It requires a space in which sound and energy, wit, love and joy can swirl freely.
“Jack’s death is the ultimate space,” he said.
Funeral arrangements are being handled by Harleston-Boags Funeral Home.
Reach Adam Parker at 937-5902.
Legends, CJI’s first recording, features music from the early 20th century to 2010 that documents Charleston’s influence in the jazz performance traditions of many of this country’s big bandleaders, sidemen, and soloists. It marks the first CD recording of tunes composed, arranged or performed by musicians of Charleston and South Carolina’s rich jazz legacy.
In June 2010 during CJI’s Legends Festival, the CJI Legends Band, an eighteen-piece big band, performed and completed a live and studio recording. The concert was recorded live at Sottile Theatre on June 5, and the next day, musicians completed a studio recording at Charleston Sound in Mount Pleasant, SC, the area’s premier recording studio.
A $40,000 Access to Artistic Excellence grant from the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), helped to fund the CD and is a significant national distinction for CJI’s efforts, Charleston’s flourishing jazz scene, and the city’s rich jazz legacy. It marks the first time that the federal arts agency has awarded funds to promote, record, document and preserve the jazz performance and historic traditions of Charleston.
Highlights of the CD include compositions, solos, and performances by several Legends Festival guests including NEA Jazz Masters Slide HamptonTM and Jimmy Heath; Florence, SC native and tenor saxophonist Houston Person; drummer/percussionist Tootie Heath; John Williams, baritone saxophonist, 25-year veteran of the Count Basie Orchestra and Orangeburg, SC native; Joey Morant , trumpeter, touring musician and Charleston’s jazz ambassador; and Charleston jazz legends, Lonnie Hamilton III, George Kenny, Oscar Rivers Jr., Ann Caldwell, Quentin Baxter, and Charlton Singleton.
CD selections include features by Slide Hampton and Jimmy Heath — Hampton’s world premiere, “Gullah Suite: A Tribute to Buddy Johnson & John Birks “Dizzy” Gillespie,” a CJI-commissioned tune in three movements, and Jimmy Heath’s “Without You, No Me,” his tribute to Dizzy Gillespie. Hampton’s premiere and Heath’s composition will be the first time compositions by these two NEA Jazz Masters have been performed and recorded live in Charleston with local and nationally-recognized musicians.
Other featured new music includes “437 Race Street,” a big band composition by Joey Morant that highlights a familiar street on Charleston’s east side; and “Brother Blake,” a 2005 CJI-commissioned work by Quentin Baxter that is a tribute to William Blake, Jenkins Orphanage Band director from 1920-1958.
Other CD selections include jazz standards popularized by Count Basie, Duke Ellington, and Erskine Hawkins — bands in which many Charleston/South Carolina musicians were featured as sidemen (Cat Anderson, Freddie Green. Jabbo Smith). The CD also includes tunes that have been composed, arranged, and performed by South Carolinians’ Dizzy Gillespie, Buddy Johnson (“Since I Fell for You”), Fud Livingston (“I’m Through With Love”), Julian Dash (“Tuxedo Junction”) and Freddie Green (“Corner Pocket”).
The musicians of the band are professional local and internationally-recognized instrumentalists, several featured soloists, musicians of the Franklin Street Five, a Jenkins Orphanage Tribute band debuted by CJI in 2005, and featured guests. Charlton Singleton, a CJI musician since 2003 and artistic director of the Charleston Jazz Orchestra (CJO) – Charleston’s resident big band orchestra under the auspices of the Jazz Artists of Charleston (JAC), served as bandleader.
Charleston Jazz Initiative Legends Band CD Dr. Karen Chandler, Executive Producer Jack McCray, Producer; Author, Liner Notes Quentin Baxter, Engineer and Producer Charlton Singleton, Bandleader Tony Bell, Photographer Colin Quashie, Graphic Design Reeds Oscar Rivers Jr. George Kenny Mark Sterbank Lonnie Hamilton III John Williams John Cobb Trumpets Joey Morant Chuck Dalton Cameron Handel Charlton Singleton Trombones Teddy Adams Timothy J. Robinson Mitchell Butler Phil King Rhythm Tommy Gill, piano Kevin Hamilton, bass Quentin Baxter, drums and percussion Vocals Ann Caldwell Tony BurkeSaturday, June 6, 2009 – 12:00-3:00 pm
Hot Jazz…Hot Charleston!
CJI’s 4th Annual Return to the Source event explored the social and musical perspectives of Charleston’s contemporary jazz scene with two events.
JAZZ! Art Quilts in Performance
Juke boxes, disc jockeys and live artists were woven like threads in Harlem and Charleston nightclubs. Renowned quilter, educator and jazz advocate, Dr. Marlene O’Bryant-Seabrook, presented her quilts to celebrate this cultural heyday of art, music and craft in an exhibition and artist talk. The quilts are featured in a documentary catalog by the Charleston Jazz Initiative and may be purchased at the Avery Research Center Gift Shop. www.cofc.edu/avery
Conversations in Jazz
CJI’s niche program, Conversations in Jazz, featured jazz producer, columnist, author and CJI’s co-principal Jack McCray with those who experienced Charleston’s rollicking Golden Age of Jazz. On stage were musician Calvin “Piano Calvin” Alston; community historian Walter Rhett; former broadcasters Theron Snype and Philip LaRoche ; former club owner Ernest Pinckney; and musician-educator George Kenny. Playing bebop at the gig was Charleston drummer and CJI music director Quentin Baxter and his ensemble.
Saturday, June 6, 2009 – 12:00-3:00 pm
Avery Research Center, 125 Bull Street
College of Charleston, Charleston, SC
Free and Open to the Public
For more information: (843) 953-5474 or (843) 953-7609
March 22, 2008
THE SOUTH CAROLINA HIT PARADE, produced by CJI’s Jack McCray, featured musical arrangements, for the first time, by jazz musicians native to Charleston and other places in South Carolina who left an historic jazz legacy. This music was performed by some of the finest musicians who actively work Charleston’s contemporary jazz scene. They make up the Charlton Singleton Orchestra, the debut of a 20-piece big band led by CJI musician, Lowcountry native, trumpeter, composer and arranger, Charlton Singleton.
The orchestra’s rhythm section included CJI’s popular ensemble, the Franklin Street Five, a Jenkins Orphanage tribute band, led by CJI music director, Quentin Baxter. Rounding out the section was bassist Kevin Hamilton, and pianist Richard White, Jr. They were joined by Robert Lewis on alto saxophone; saxophonist Mark Sterbank and arranger of several concert tunes; trumpeter Chuck Dalton; baritone saxophonist John Cobb; vocalists Tony Burke and Ann Caldwell, Charleston’s first lady of jazz; Fred Wesley, Jr., former bandleader for James Brown; guitarist Lee Barbour, one of the best young jazz guitarists in the country, according to guitar giant, Joe Beck (Miles Davis’ first guitar player); and more!
The repertoire for the evening included the songbooks of the Count Basie and Duke Ellington Orchestras. A highlight of the concert was the 1931 Fud Livingston hit ballad, “I’m Through With Love.” This is one of Livingston’s most lasting compositions that he produced with Matt Malneck. The tune was arranged for CJI and the orchestra by Charleston arranger and musician, John Slate. Also featured were jazz tunes composed by or associated with musicians from Charleston and South Carolina including:
Dizzy Gillespie (1917-1993) – Cheraw native and one of the country’s most celebrated jazz musician, composer and bandleader; pioneer of modern jazz namely bebop and one of its master trumpet players; with Dizzy, Charlestonian and jazz historian Dr. Wilmot “Al” Fraser wrote his autobiography – To Be or Not To Bop: The Autobiography of Dizzy Gillespie
Freddie Green (1911-1987) – Charleston native; Count Basie’s rhythm guitarist for 50 years; by Basie’s own account, Green defined American swing; regarded as the greatest rhythm guitarist in jazz history, hands down; his collection was recently donated to the Avery Research Center (CJI Archives)
Fud Livingston (1906-1957) – Charleston native; saxophonist and arranger prominent in the 1920s-40s who arranged for Benny Goodman, among others; he wrote several popular ballads related to Charleston with his musical collaborator, Robert S. Cathcart, Jr. – “Easter Bells” and “Springtime in Charleston”; CJI is currently arranging his collection for online access
Buddy (1915-1977) and Ella (1923-2004) Johnson – bandleader brother and vocalist sister team from Darlington; toured with a large blues band throughout the country, mainly in the south performing to sold-out crowds in the 1940s and 50s; performed at the Cotton Club and Savoy Ballrooms; Buddy’s 1947 hit, “Did You See Jackie Robinson Hit That Ball” was used in the motion picture film “The Jackie Robinson Story”
Bubber Miley (1903-1932) – Aiken native and Jenkins Orphanage Band musician; trumpeter with the Duke Ellington Orchestra; he created the signature “jungle” sound for the orchestra – his trumpet solos are unsurpassed; he co-wrote several compositions with Duke including “Black and Tan Fantasy” and “East St. Louis Toodle-Oo”
June 7-9, 2007
June 7th - Jazzin’ the Spirit (A Jazz Picnic) – 5-7:30 pm – Robert Mills Manor - 20 Franklin Street
June 8th – South Carolina Jazz Diaspora (CJI Symposium) – 6-9 pm New Tabernacle Fourth Baptist Church – 22 Elizabeth Street
June 9th – Booksigning – Nineteenth Century Freedom Fighters: The 1st South Carolina Volunteers (Arcadia, 2006) – 4-6 pm
Avery Research Center – 125 Bull Street
Other Events:
REGRETFULLY CANCELLED TROPICAL STORM BARRY
Special thanks to our 2007 major donors and sponsors … College of Charleston (Arts Management Program; Dean’s Office, School of the Arts; Office of the Provost; and the Avery Research Center); Charleston County Council; City of Charleston Housing Authority; Jake McGuire Savage Foundation; Office of Cultural Affairs/City of Charleston; Arcadia Publishing; Hal Leonard Publishers; National Park Service; First Citizens Bank; Coca-Cola Bottling Company; Herzman-Fishman Foundation; Jeffrey Green; Barbara Burgess and John Dinkelspiel; Charleston Place Hotel; and New Tabernacle Fourth Baptist Church.
May 29, 2006
Sister City Jazz: A Gullah and New Orleans Dialogue
May 29, 2006 – Blacklock House and Gardens, College of Charleston
The program included live music by students from Charleston County School of the Arts Jazz Band, unveiling of “CJ,” an original painting by artist, Jahsun, guest presentations, and “Conversations in Jazz” with oral history accounts from:
June 2-4, 2005
Robert Mills Manor and Avery Research Center, College of Charleston
July 2, 2004
(A Program of the Avery Grand Reunion) – July 2, 2004
Avery Research Center, College of Charleston
The program included live music by the Quentin Baxter Jazz Ensemble including“Tuxedo Junction,” co-written by Julian Dash, a media display of source material donated by the Dash Family, and Conversations in Jazz with oral history accounts from:
September 18-19, 2003
Avery Research Center and Sottile Theatre, College of Charleston
A two-day tribute honoring Motown and Funk Brothers bassist and Edisto Island native, James Jamerson. Programs included music by the choirs of the New First Baptist Church of Edisto Island, The McKnight Brothers, and the Black Velvets; the Charleston premiere of the Grammy-award winning documentary, “Standing in the Shadows of Motown;” a display of Jamerson source material acquired from donors, Anthony and Felix McKnight; a James Jamerson Proclamation from the City of Charleston; and “Conversations in Jazz: James Jamerson” with oral history accounts from: